Ingredients

Aloe Vera is a plant belonging to the Aloeaceae family which has 40-60 cm long tufted leaves and which prefers warm and dry climate. This ingredient has thousands of properties, thousands of uses and thousands of benefits.Daily use of it in various ways can be a real turning point for the well-being of our internal and external world.
 The most important part is the gel, contained in the leaves, which has many properties not only therapeutic, but also cosmetic. Aloe Vera is a true elixir full of beneficial and nutritious substances, including minerals, amino acids and vitamins, it has a soothing, moisturizing, antioxidant properties.
We can decide to drink Aloe Vera, taking advantage of its extraordinary detox action, or apply it on our skin using cosmetics and make-up. Aloe Vera protects the scalp from dandruff and baldness and helps to make hair shiny and healthy, as well as to promote growth. Thanks to its keratolytic action in fact, this special ingredient helps to eliminate the sebum produced by the scalp and in this way the hair grows faster.

Pineapple is a fruit plant, a herbaceous type belonging to the Bromeliaceae family. It is native of Central America and it is cultivated in all tropical regions for the commercialization of the fruit. Pineapple is used mainly for food purposes with considerable beneficial properties for the body: it promotes digestion, reduces inflammation and it is an antioxidant. Pineapple is rich of sugars, vitamins A, B and C, mineral salts, organic acids and carotenoids, useful in feeding but also in cosmetics. They perform a moisturizing, nourishing, illuminating and antioxidant action for the skin, delaying the appearance of wrinkles. The pineapple also contains bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme that is found in the pulp but especially in the stem to which it owes its anti-inflammatory properties in the treatment of edemas. Furthermore, one of the main cosmetic properties of pineapple is to fight cellulite. The pineapple extract is inserted in the formulation of anti-cellulite cosmetic products as it favors the drainage of liquids.

The shea plant is a real tree that can reach a height between 10 and 15 meters. Raw shea butter is yellowish in color and has a sweetish smell. Shea butter has emollient, nourishing and moisturizing properties, which make it an excellent natural cosmetic for skin care. It is believed that it can help to protect the skin from solar radiation and that it can be used as a cosmetic for the prevention of wrinkles and to keep the skin young. Shea butter has antioxidant properties that are able to protect the skin from the action of free radicals. The antioxidant action is mainly due to the vitamin E content of shea butter, which also has vitamin A and vitamin D.

The Asian pennywort is a herbaceous plant rich in properties, native of India, Madagascar, Mauritius and Ceylon, which grows in damp and shady places, typically along the waterways. Its active ingredients are found in the leaves. It is also known as the «tiger herb» because it is said that tigers use it to treat wounds. The triterpenic saponins (asiaticoside, asian acid and madecassoside) of which the pennywort leaves are rich improve the venous circulation by stimulating the fibroblasts. These are cells that synthesize collagen, essential for the health of different tissues, such as the dermis, connective tissue and vessel walls. Other active ingredients are phytosterols, polyphenols and essential oils. Thanks to its beneficial properties on vessels and connective tissue, it can also be useful in the treatment of cellulite. This medicinal plant also promotes wound healing, helps tissue repair, affecting microcirculation and collagen synthesis.
The Asian pennywort has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, draining properties and has a calming effect.

Echinacea is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, known for its immunostimulant and antiviral properties, it is useful to promote the immune system and treat cold symptoms. It appears as a powder of beige color. The plant also contains flavonoids (such as luteolin, kaempferol, quercetin, apigenin); derivatives of caffeic acid (echinacoside, chlorogenic acid), cicoric acid, polyenes, alkylamides and essential oil. In particular, echinacoside has an antibiotic and bacteriostatic action, able to inhibit the replication of bacteria that are difficult to control; while echinacea gives the plant corticosimile anti-inflammatory properties. Finally, the presence of cyclic acid and caffeic acid perform antiviral action, such as to hinder the penetration of the virus into healthy cells. The extract has a marked anti-hyaluronidase and immunostimulant activity that gives the extract re-epithelizing, firming, regenerating and elasticizing properties. The extract of Echinacea angustifolia is indicated in the formulation of cosmetics for the treatment and prevention of cellulite and stretch marks. It is a useful ingredient in the preparation of anti-aging products. For external use, echinacea is also used for the preparation of ointments and skin lotions with an immunostimulatory action, protective, anti-inflammatory, in case of scars, ulcers, dermatitis in general. The healing properties, is based on the ability of the plant to accelerate tissue regeneration and to localize the infection.

Horsetail is a species belonging to a vast family of plants native of the Arctic region of the Northern Hemisphere, especially of northern Europe.
Primitive plant also known as horsetail, has many cosmetic properties for skin, hair and nails. It is rich in antioxidants, silica and molecules with astringent and anti-inflammatory properties.
Horsetail is used to restore tone and elasticity to the skin of the face and body, to purify the skin and greasy hair, to strengthen hair and nails. All the above characteristics would be due to the rich presence, in sterile stems, of minerals, sterols, alkaloids, flavonoids, silicon acid, ascorbic acid, genic acids, phenolic acids, glycosides, saponins, minerals and equisetain (the currently most active active ingredient ). They are harvested in the summer, they are used fresh and more frequently dried. In cosmetics it is used to prevent skin aging and cellulite, but also to tone, firm, remineralize and purify the skin. Thanks to its properties, horsetail is therefore suitable for mature skin, oily skins, skins that have lost tone and elasticity.

They hide benefits and virtues really huge and generally little known, rich in nutrients and healthy, suitable for cosmetics and health. These are aquatic plants, uni or multicellular. Planktonic ones supply most of the oxygen molecules to the atmosphere, they are called micro-algae and there are over 10,000 different species on Earth. Algae can fight free radicals and improve cell renewal, keeping the skin more toned and youthful. They are rich in minerals (potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus), vitamins (A, B1, B2, B3, B6, C, D, E, F, K, PP), fats, iodine and proteins, as well as antioxidants, represent, therefore, a rich nourishment.
The most widespread algae: Kombu, Nori, Wakame, Spirulina, Klamath, Kelp, Chlorella… are just some of the best known algae.
Nori: the richest in protein, or 50 percent of its weight, also contains vegetable fibers, vitamin C and Omega 3. They make it an excellent antioxidant. It also contains taurine, hair and nail reinforcement, as well as iron and calcium.
Kombu (Laminaria japonica): it is rich in iodine but also in calcium and mineral salts.
Wakame: it is considered the women’s seaweed due to its high content of plant calcium and magnesium. Perfect ally against cellulite and retention.
Spirulina: it was discovered by researchers about 30 years ago. Rich in important nutrients such as beta carotene, vegetable proteins, essential fatty acids, chlorophyll, iron. It is also rich in proteins and vitamins B, A and D. Used for creams with a detoxifying effect.
 Klamath: the most abundant algae of Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids and proteins. In addition to its antioxidant properties, it is used as a supplement to combat fatigue.
Kelp: rich in iodine, polyphenols and vitamins A, group B, C, D and E, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. 
Chlorella: the richest species of chlorophyll among algae. It is called the «breathing algae», its antioxidant powers and its ability to produce oxygen give it the ability to purify the lake environment in which it lives. Applied to the skin, it helps to strengthen the skin’s defenses.
 Alaria Esculenta: has been thoroughly studied for its anti-age benefits. It is part of the family of wakame algae, which regenerate themselves very quickly, can withstand even in extreme conditions and are known to have repairing properties. Their composition is similar to that of human skin, so they penetrate quickly improving the skin metabolism by 42 percent or even more! They attenuate the signs of aging and wrinkles at an accelerated rate, helping to regain a young and fresh look.

The common chamomile extract is obtained from the flower heads of Chamomilla Recutita, a plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is mainly composed of flavonoids such as apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, rutin and their glycosides, responsible for the marked anti-reddening, soothing and decongestant properties of the extract. Chamomilla Recutita extract stimulates the function of the microcirculation and the activity of fibroblasts with the promotion of the synthesis of collagen, elastic fibers and hyaluronic acid, thus favoring the repair of the epidermis and the dermis. Intended for the treatment of sensitive, rosacea, delicate skin.
It does not present particular contraindications to normal concentrations of use.

Perennial herbaceous plant, also called Ren Shen or Root Man, originally from China, Korea and the extreme eastern regions of Russia. Today, extensive cultivations are present in China, Korea, Japan and Russia.
The active part of the ginseng plant, which has the name of panax, is mainly contained in the root and contains saponins and ginsenoids: these substances can restore hydration to the skin and they are ideal for facial care, as they can improve microcirculation of blood. The antioxidant action of ginseng is very important for beauty. In fact, the product is used as a key ingredient in various cosmetics that have as their purpose to combat the signs of aging. It has toning and revitalizing properties and manages to make the skin more elastic and brighter, especially after periods of stress. It also has a beneficial effect on the scalp, because it is a real stimulant for hair growth.
 The main components are saponosides called ginsenosides, the most important are Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rf, Rg1 and Rg2.
 Essential oil is rich in sesquiterpenes; Polysaccharides (starches, pectin); Phytosterols; Vitamins group B; Choline; Trace elements.
 At ginseng extracts have also been attributed following effects:
— Antipyretics
— Cholesterol-lowering
— Probiotics
— Radio protective
— Anticarcinogenic
— Anti-inflammatory
— Memory improvement
— Reduction of symptoms of menopause.
Ginseng consumption is considered safe enough and adverse effects appear fewer when used in the short term.
 Greater troubles concern systematic consumption, which can cause nervous and digestive side effects.
 Ginseng is mainly used against aging, gastrointestinal disorders and as an aphrodisiac preparation. Considered an almost universal remedy, it is the most used herbal product in the world.

Calendula, scientifically known as Calendula officinalis, belonging to the family of Esteraceae. It is a herbaceous plant characterized by bright green oblong leaves and large orange flowers, which appear once a year during the summer. The extract comes in the form of a brown powder, partially soluble in water. It is rich in triterpenes, flavonoids, polysaccharides, carotenes and phytosterols. Calendula is successfully used as a topical antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent, valuable to alleviate any injuries against damage caused by solar radiation.
It possesses the antibacterial properties, fundamental in reducing possible microbiological complications of possible lesions. Calendula Officinalis Extract is used in different types of preparations for cosmetic use, in particular in those intended for sensitive, inflamed, acne-prone skin, in various products with a cicatrising action.

Ginkgo Biloba is an ancient tree, belonging to the Ginkgoaceae family, which can easily reach 30-40 m in height. 
The extract of Ginkgo biloba is obtained from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, and comes in the form of powder and consists mainly of ginkgolides A, B and C (diterpene) and flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, miricetin) and in smaller quantities flavones (apigenin, luteolin) and flavanols (dihydromyricetin). Ginkgo extract has a marked anti-free radical activity that manifests itself with an improvement in cellular metabolism. Ginkgo biloba has many properties attributed to it, among which the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant ones are definitely outstanding. The properties of ginkgo have attracted a lot of interest and it is for this reason that numerous researches have been conducted on the active principles contained therein. Rather recent, some of them experimental, in which the use of Ginkgo has proved useful in:
— protect the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation;
— reduce the skin erythema associated with excessive exposure to UV rays;
— check the incidence of acne lesions in affected individuals;
— controlling the inflammatory and pro-oxidative evolution of autoimmune and dis-active skin diseases.
 The extract of Ginkgo biloba is used for the purpose of protecting the skin from oxidative stress, in anti-aging products and intended to improve the functionality of the microcirculation (cellulite and capillary fragility). Topical use of Ginkgo biloba extract has no particular contraindications.

The mallow extract is obtained from the leaves of the Malva sylvestris, a herbaceous plant belonging to the Malvaceae family. It appears as a fine powder of brown color partially soluble in water. Thanks to its high content of mucilage, the mallow extract has anti-inflammatory, lenitive, protective, moisturizing, emollient and anti-reddening properties. It is used in the formulation of creams, milks and masks for dry, sensitive skin, irritated by environmental and atmospheric agents. The extract is harmless and safe if used at normal concentrations of use.

The red grapevine extract is obtained from the leaves of the Vitis vinifera, a climbing shrub belonging to the Vitaceae family. It comes in the form of dark red powder with a characteristic smell. The antioxidant and protective properties at the level of cell membranes are noteworthy. This ingredient is used for the formulation of cosmetic products for the treatment of couperose and for the protection of sensitive and easily reddened skin. It is used in creams and anti-aging serums as an antioxidant. It does not present particular contraindications to normal concentrations of use.

Argan oil is extracted from the seeds of the fruits of the Argan tree and has antioxidant properties, effective against aging and sagging of skin. The fruit of the argan tree has the size of a walnut and from its seed is extracted the famous and precious Argan oil, a light yellow oil with a sweet and pleasant smell. Considered miraculous for the skin, it contents more than 75% of unsaturated fatty acids, rich in Vitamin E and phenolic compounds. Argan oil also contains: tri terenic alcohols that promote skin protection, antifungal, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties; sterols with anti-inflammatory action improve the skin’s barrier function and microcirculation, inhibit skin aging and protect against the damaging action of UV rays; carotenoids and xanthophylls with antioxidant and photo protective action; emollient and soothing triglycerides contribute to rebuilding the lipid film of the skin. Argan oil is therefore highly nourishing, emollient, firming, restores elasticity and softness and is suitable for all skin types.

Rosa Mosqueta oil is obtained from Rosa Rubiginosa, by cold pressing, and it is one of the most used products in dermocosmetics because it is very effective for the beauty of our skin. It contains polyunsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic acid, with moisturizing, emollient, regenerating and elasticizing action for the skin; these characteristics mean that the oil of rosa mosqueta is used to prevent and fight wrinkles and keep the skin young
and elastic. It also contains vitamins E with antioxidant action and retinol, an active form of vitamin A.
 The rosa mosqueta oil helps to eliminate the small wrinkles, the dark spots of old age and caused by the sun, and also improve the skin damaged by acne. The skin becomes more elastic and soft.

Commonly known as Hop, Humulus lupulus (Hop is part of the hemp family) is a flowering climbing plant that can even reach several meters in height. Especially preferring fresh climates, it grows well even in northern Italy, flourishing in July-August and maturing between September and October. Hop is popular in anti-aging agents and widely used in cosmetics ( it stimulates the production of collagen in the skin) actively fulfills its role, especially in a preventive context, focusing mainly on protecting the body from the inexorable effects.
The anti-aging cosmetology is inserted in this context with the attempt to reduce the damage of time on the skin, preserving its aesthetic and functional integrity, also counting on the enormous help provided by nature.
The Hop plant has been used for centuries in the medical-phytotherapeutic area.
Classically, the hop and its many active ingredients are ascribed:
— soothing properties;
— digestive properties;
— antiseptic properties;
— hypnotic and sedative properties;
— febrifugal properties;
— antispasmodic properties;
— pain relieving properties;
— antioxidant properties;
— anti-inflammatory & curative properties for damaged skin.
All the above properties would be due to the presence in this plant and its extracts of various phytotherapeutic elements, such as essential oils, bioactive glycosides, sesquiterpenes, phytoestrogens, flavonoids, anthocyanins and bioactive peptides. Despite the usefulness of this plant for therapeutic and preventive purposes, different studies have described some side effects related to the contact between flowers and skin. It is therefore recommended that you consult your doctor before taking these products in hypersensitive or atopic patients. Contraindications to the use of hops would also be extensible to pregnant women or to patients suffering from severe skin diseases or from oncological diseases being treated.

Rice is one of the oldest cultivated plants in the world. The oil is very light and does not grease very much. It calms and soothes reddened skin and is used as the basis of many cosmetic products. It has natural UVA and UVB filters. It gives light and hydration, strong antioxidant, soothing the skin, ideal for irritated and sensitive skin. About half of the fats that compose the oil are monounsaturated, one-third polyunsaturated and one-fifth saturated. The main fatty acids that compose the oil are: 42.5% oleic acid, 39.1% linoleic acid (omega-6), 15% palmitic acid, 2.9% stearic acid, 2.2% of a-linoleic acid (omega-6). More generally, among the properties of rice oil stand out above the already mentioned antioxidant, those anti-inflammatory, emollient, moisturizing, smoothing, protective from UV rays. It has the ability to nourish deeply without altering the natural PH of the tissues themselves. It is a source of vitamin E which fights free radicals by combating aging.

Annual herbaceous plant belonging to the Borragineceae family, with a thin and ramified root, the stem is fleshy up to 60 cm tall with the surface covered with long and stiff hairs. The inflorescence is composed of racemes that form a panicle. The corolla has a beautiful deep blue color. The fruit is an achene. It is represented by the seeds from which a polyunsaturated oil is extracted by cold extraction.
This plant is native to the Mediterranean region, it is now cultivated mainly in the warmer regions of Europe, Western Asia and the United States. The native borage seed oil is particularly suitable for skin affected by neurodermatitis, inflamed or scaly. It has a restructuring and anti-itching effect.
Cold-pressed oil with revitalizing and moisturizing properties is a real regenerating treatment with remarkable anti-wrinkle properties. Suitable for all skin problems, especially hormonal. It is also an excellent treatment for brittle nails, dry hair and stretch marks.
Properties and main uses:
— this oil is used successfully for all skin problems, especially in the presence of hormonal imbalances
— suitable for dry, devitalized, mature, wrinkled skin
— suitable for irritated, fragile, sensitive and acneic skin
— excellent for the eye contour where it performs a powerful action
— regenerating, repairing, anti-aging properties
— calming and soothing properties
— restores elasticity and gives tone to the skin
— performs a regenerating action on dry skin, combats skin inflammation, eczema, acne, psoriasis
— counteracts skin spots
— anti-stretch mark action
It gives shine and nourishment to the hair, accelerates the growth, suitable for hair and brittle nails
Vitamin E: antioxidant, photoprotective, improves skin hydratio Phytosterols: improve skin barrier function and microcirculation by slowing down skin aging, anti-inflammatory, protection against UV action, stimulate the production of collagen and elastin.

Traditional medicine and herbal medicine know and appreciate the properties of primrose oil for a long time. Primrose is a plant more than one meter high, with bright yellow flowers, belonging to the Onagraceae family. Oenothera Biennis Oil is obtained from the seeds of Oenothera biennis, a plant that grows in North America. It consists mainly of essential fatty acids of the omega-6 series, in particular gamma-linolenic acid (7-10%) and linoleic acid (up to 70%). It also contains oleic, palmitic and stearic acid. Oenothera Biennis Oil is used in cosmetics for its emollient, moisturizing and decongesting properties. The application of primrose oil rich in linolenic acid is especially useful for patients with atopic dermatitis who have a reduced activity of the delta-6-desaturase enzyme, which converts linoleic acid into gamma-linolenic acid.
Primrose oil is very rich in essential fatty acids, including mainly oleic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linoleic acid, beta-linoleic acid and gamma-linoleic acid, which have a remarkable biological value. It also contains amino acids, vitamin C, fibers and numerous mineral salts, including potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron and calcium.
Cosmetic properties:
Anti-inflammatory and soothing
Regenerating and moisturizing
Ideal against allergic skin reactions, atopic dermatitis, as well as scaly or rough skin
Reduces the loss of moisture in the skin
As for psoriasis, this oil helps reduce inflammation and, therefore, itching.
As an anti-inflammatory it is also used to treat stretch marks, strains and muscle problems.
It is also used to treat dry skin, because the omega-6 contained in it has the advantage of retaining moisture in the skin. It is also effective against wrinkles, so you can apply it directly to the skin or add it to your cream to enhance its effect.
It is considered a safe and non-irritant ingredient and can be used in all concentrations.

Jojoba oil is a natural product with a thousand uses. It is produced from a shrubby plant that grows in warm areas such as California, Mexico, Arizona. The jojoba plant produces seeds after the fifth or sixth year after germination. As a natural remedy it appears odorless and with a light yellow color, while after processing it is transparent. Over time it has replaced sperm whale oil derived from whale fat. Thanks to the high capacity of preservation and resistance to high temperatures, it maintains the high quality of its purity constant.
Jojoba oil is commonly used for skin and hair care. It is famous for its antiseptic, emollient, moisturizing and nourishing properties. It helps to regulate sebaceous secretions.
Jojoba oil is very similar to human sebum. It is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and micronutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and vitamin E. It contains myristic acid and other substances similar to sebum. It contrasts and soothes skin-related problems such as dry skin psoriasis and flaking, acne, itching, eczema and it works perfectly as a sunscreen.
It can be used on pure skin, or with the addition of essential oils. It makes the skin softer, elastic and smoother. Thanks to its emollient properties it moisturizes and restores the skin. It is recommended especially for those with dry and cracked skin problems. It can be used for the preparation of natural anti-wrinkles, to restore the skin and restore elasticity. It penetrates quickly into the skin, does not grease and weighs down, but leaves a silky and soft sensation.

Sunflower oil has a fat content (lipids) very similar to that of human skin, it helps the skin to remain soft and smooth, trying to prevent any further damage. It has an anti-inflammatory action and minimizes swelling.
Sunflower oil is obtained from the extraction of the seeds of the Helianthus Annuus plant, it is an emollient agent. It comes in the form of a light amber colored liquid. It is mainly composed of triglycerides, where the main fatty acids are linoleic, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linolenic, and also contains lecithin, carotenoids, tocopherols, vitamins A, D and E. Like all vegetable oils, even that of sunflower is well absorbed by the skin for its eudermic properties and has a moisturizing, nourishing and emollient action. Thanks to its composition, it has an antioxidant activity that protects against skin aging. Sunflower oil is considered a safe ingredient.
Therefore, this plant ingredient is widely used in cosmetic formulas for care and beauty.

Glycine Soja Oil is an oil obtained from wild Soy. This oil has assumed particular cosmetic interest due to its unsaponifiable fraction which contains from 5 to 10% of linolenic acid and from 40 to 50% of linoleic acid; it also contains oleic acid and other saturated fatty acids.
Soybean oil is very rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids; in particular, the linoleic acid content (precursor of the omega-six series, 58% c.a.) and in alpha-linolenic acid (precursor of the omega-three series, 4-10%) stands out. The content of oleic acid is also good (19-30%), while compared to other vegetable oils there is a marked lack of vitamin E, which as we know is a powerful natural antioxidant.
Like all vegetable oils, soybean oil contains a small amount of saturated fats, in particular stearic acid (4% c.a.) and palmitic acid (10% c.a.).
Glycine Soja Oil can be used in the formulation of detergent products, such as in bath oils or make-up removal products, in balms and masks for hair, moisturizing for the hands, in shampoos, as an emollient in the fat phase of emulsions, and finally it is an excellent base in aromatherapy. It is also used for massages and body skin care, as it helps to attenuate and prevent stretch marks, keeping the dermis young. It also has a good moisturizing action, creating a protective film on the skin that can slow down skin dehydration, thus improving tone and elasticity. It is considered a safe ingredient.

Sea buckthorn is a shrub that grows in the gravels of rivers and streams. It has many branches rich in silver leaves and a trunk with numerous thorns. The sea ​​buckthorn berry is rich in Vitamin C, but inside there are also significant amounts of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B and vitamin P. There are also minerals such as iron, calcium, magnesium and copper. It acts as an antioxidant, combating skin aging, reducing inflammation and promoting cell regeneration, attributed to its high carotenoid content, combined with its wide variety of bioactive nutrients. Its regenerating power, high nutrient density and easy absorption in the skin mean that the sea buckthorn helps to preserve the collagen of the skin, strengthen the epidermis and connective tissue, as well as prevent small wrinkles.
For this we can say that the sea buckthorn is a master of anti-aging!

Papaya has always been known as the fruit of eternal youth, synonymous with exotic places, beach and sea. The fruit is a real cure for the skin and all its impurities. Thanks to the high content of vitamins A and C, beta carotene, flavonoids, antioxidants, which fight free radicals, and consequently help to keep the skin young and hydrated, also improving imperfections such as spots or pimples. Rich in other essential amino acids, papaya has an anti-aging action, fights skin spots, is an excellent exfoliant and acts as an adjuvant for acne treatment.
Thanks also to the presence of enzymes, papaya is a great ally to fight injuries and redness, acts on wounds and burns, accelerating the healing time. Finally, in the field of cosmetic properties, we can’t fail to mention the benefits derived from papain, the main enzyme contained in fruits.

Royal jelly is a light-yellow protein product of animal origin, with a characteristic smell and a sour-sugary flavor, the production of which is the consequence of a superpollen feeding by the bees. The main constituents of royal jelly are water, proteins, sugars, lipids and mineral salts. Even if they show noticeable variations, the composition of the royal jelly remains relatively constant comparing different hives. Proteins make up an average of 73.9% by weight; a large part of which in the form of amino acids, both free and combined. All eight essential amino acids for humans are present. The sugars mainly comprise fructose and glucose in relatively constant proportions, similar to their content in honey, fructose therefore prevails. In many cases fructose and glucose together account for 90% of total sugars while the sucrose content varies considerably from one sample to another. The lipid content is, from many points of view, a very interesting feature of royal jelly. The lipid fraction consists of 80-90% by weight of free fatty acids with unusual and rare molecular structures. They are mainly hydroxylated fatty acids or short-chain dicarboxylic acids commonly found in food of animal and vegetable origin. The mineral salts contained in greater quantities are, in descending order K, Ca, Na, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn, with a strong prevalence of potassium. The vitamins present in large quantities are Tiamina, Riboflavin, Nicotinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Pyridoxine, Mesoisositol, Biotin, folic acid. In very small quantities present vitamins A, C, D,E. The presence of vitamin B5 is a powerful “anti-age”: it delays the effects of aging skin. The most precious component of royal jelly is 10-hydroxy-ethenic acid, a fat that exerts antibacterial and antitumor activity. It is claimed that the real pap-pa stimulates the epidermal cellular metabolism, normalizes the sebaceous secretion (acne), prevents skin senescence (anti-wrinkle effect), improves the hydration and elasticity of the skin (anti-stretch mark, firming, elasticizing action), has numerous properties such as antibacterial, disinfectant, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Studies have confirmed that royal jelly increases the production of collagen directly proportional to the dose, therefore it protects the skin potentially from the photo-aging induced by Uvb, stimulating the production of collagen. It reduces melanin synthesis by down-regulation of the messenger transcription of tyrosinase, therefore royal jelly could also be proposed as a new skin lightening agent.

It belongs to the Rosaceae family and it is also called «wild rose», «hedge rose» or «rose of bush». The fact is that it is one of the countless species of wild roses. It is easily found all over Europe and forms 3-4m high hedges. At the beginning of the summer the flowers are bloossomed with 5 large petals pinkish – white, slightly fragrant; while the fruits are enclosed in a false fleshy scarlet red fruit, wrapped in hairy sepals, whose full ripeness is reached in the late autumn. In ancient times, the petals of the wild rose constituted the matrix to extract a precious oil.
The fruits contain tannins, nicotinic acid, carotenoids, vitamin C and P, riboflavin, malic and citric acid, flavonoids (bioflavonoids: phytoestrogens), pectins and carbohydrates. In more detail, the fruit is storehouse of tannins and ascorbic acid: the false ripe fruits must contain 5% ascorbic acid which, after the drying process, drops to 1% after degradation. Its richness in vitamin C was a great help in wartime: the rosehip was used as a substitute for citrus fruits, precisely because of its high content in ascorbic acid. In cosmetics the rose hip is a plant widely used for the formulation of scented water, anti-aging and anti-wrinkle creams, soothing ointments against sunburn, face masks with toning, smoothing and astringent action. For the treatment of sensitive, reddened and particularly delicate skin, it is advisable to apply compresses based on distilled rosehip water. Rosehip is used mainly in food supplements as a rich source of vitamin C. However, the high content of ascorbic acid is not the only interesting aspect possessed by this plant. In fact, several studies have confirmed that rosehip has a noteworthy antioxidant activity, probably due to its high content of vitamin C and to the content of flavonoids.
In cosmetics the rosehip oil is obtained by cold pressing of the seeds and, if extracted from the peel of the fruit, you get more vitamin A. Of course depending on the extraction method you can have different oils: for cold pressing you obtain a more salmon-colored oil and it is richer in polyunsaturated fatty acids (very eudermic) while for extraction with chemical solvent it is obtained a richer oil in phenols. If extracted with solvents, it is necessary to clean the oil, which will not be considered organic. Often rosehip oil is deodorized to make it colorless but in this case vitamin A is lost.
Its chemical composition is therefore:
— essential fatty acids: alpha-linolenic acid 35%, linoleic acid 45-55%, palmitic acid 2-3%, stearic acid 1.5-2% and oleic acid 15-20%
— vitamin C (100g of berries contain the same amount of vitamin C as 1kg of citrus)
— bioflavonoids (antioxidants)
— tannins (astringents)
— carotenoids and polyphenols
— phytosterols
— vitamin A (transretinoic acid)
— Vitamin E
Cosmetic properties of rosehip oil:
— It reduces facial wrinkles
— Moisturizes the skin and keeps it soft
— useful in the treatment of scars and stretch marks
— useful against sunburn
— useful against melanin spots
— enhances surface microcirculation (due to the presence of carotenoids, tannins and polyphenols)
Extract of wild rose is very rich in vitamin C and is used for cosmetic preparations and for the preparation of food additives, it performs the following functions:
— increases immune defense (applies only to food additives)
— stimulates the production of collagen and elastin
— antioxidant against free radicals
— increases the absorption of iron (only applies to food additives)
— restores vitamin E
— As ascorbyl palmitate is a cosmetic preservative (protects cosmetic fats from rancidity)

The green tea extract is derived from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis, a small tree belonging to the Theaceae family. It comes in the form of brown powder. The extract consists mainly of polyphenols and xanthine bases (theophylline). Polyphenols, including catechins, are responsible for the strong antioxidant properties of the phytocomplex which results in a protective action at the level of microcirculation and anti-free radicals in anti-aging products.
Theophylline, on the other hand, activates the basal metabolism, favoring the lipolysis and drainage of excess fluids, facilitating the elimination of adipose accumulations and the remodeling of the silhouette. Camellia sinensis extract is used in various reducing and anti-cellulite cosmetic preparations and in all those products intended for the prevention and treatment of skin aging. Thanks to the presence of tannins, Camellia sinensis extract, has dermo purifying and astringent properties, useful in the treatment of oily and impure skin.
It does not present particular contraindications to normal concentrations of use.
Benefits for the skin: green tea has significant benefits for the skin especially to eliminate acne, as anti-wrinkle because it contains vitamins B, C, E and beta-carotene and, moreover, thanks to the catechins it repairs the skin from the sun’s rays preventing stains skin. Its diuretic and purifying properties then, are important for those who fight against cellulite and its imperfections: eliminating excess water in fact, the skin will be more compact and toned. In addition to this, green tea has traces of manganese that regenerates the connective tissue, excellent for fighting cellulite, and, moreover, controls the level of sugar in the blood avoiding hormonal imbalances.